CentOS 7 安装 Nginx

2018-03-31

这两天折腾 Nginx 使用 GeoIp 通过分析 ip 来区分用户来源，又学到了些东西，今天先来总结下 Nginx 的安装方式

RPM 包安装
- 安装 EPEL 库
- 添加 Nginx 仓库
编译安装
使用

RPM 包安装

RPM 包安装有两种方式，分别是添加 EPEL 库和添加 Nginx 库

安装 EPEL 库

1	$ sudo yum -y install epel-release

安装 Nginx

1	$ sudo yum -y install nginx

查看版本

$ nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/share/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E'

添加 Nginx 仓库

1	$ sudo rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

安装 Nginx

1	$ sudo yum -y install nginx

查看版本

$ nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.12.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'

两种安装方式都很简洁，效果也差不多，但是通过 EPEL 库方式安装出来会发现，Nginx 的携带的模块要多一些，比如 http_geoip_module 而它恰恰是服务器安全和设置重要的模块之一，预期后期折腾的去安装模块，为什么不开始就装上呢

编译安装

包安装很方便，但是扩展性不够，比如添加额外的模块，还是要使用源码编译
首先安装依赖

1	$ yum -y install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

从 download 下载当前文档版

1	$ wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

创建相应用户

1 2	$ groupadd -f nginx $ useradd -g nginx nginx

解压并安装

$ tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
$ cd nginx-1.12.2
$ ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_realip_module \
    --with-http_addition_module \
    --with-http_sub_module \
    --with-http_dav_module \
    --with-http_flv_module \
    --with-http_mp4_module \
    --with-http_gunzip_module \
    --with-http_gzip_static_module \
    --with-http_random_index_module \
    --with-http_secure_link_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-mail \
    --with-mail_ssl_module \
    --with-file-aio
$ make && make install

默认的安装目录为 /usr/local/nginx
最后将命令脚本超链接到环境变量中

1	$ ln -sf /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/bin/nginx

使用

启动

$ nginx

停止

1	$ nginx -s [start, stop]

重新启动

1	$ nginx -s reopen

修改 nginx.conf 先进性测试是否没有语法错误

1
2
3

$ nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

然后重新加载配置，使之生效

1	$ nginx -s reload

系统命令的方式来启动停止

1	$ sudo systemctl [start, stop, restart] nginx

设置或取消开机启动

1	$ sudo systemctl [enable, disable] nginx